A standard, cumulative index off cross-fitness try determined for each and every mix of maternal tree and you can meilleures applications de rencontres de niche pollen donor, predicated on adult fruit place, seed products germination, and survivorship and development of seedlings. For every single kinds, mixed-design investigation away from variance was applied to evaluate the consequences of crossing procedures (fixed effect; which have maternal forest provided once the a haphazard perception) towards the portion of give-pollinated vegetation mode mature fruit, costs off vegetables germination and you can seedling survivorship, seedling size from the step 1 year, and you will cumulative physical fitness. Numerous designs was indeed examined using ANOVA: (a) in addition to every providers, (b) leaving out unbalanced solutions, to allow evaluation off communication terms, (c) minus selfing therapy (just like the maternal trees have been largely or entirely notice-incompatible), and you can (d) collection all of the within this-Sinharaja outcrossing providers to test the outcome of within this- versus. between-forest crossing. The outcome off crossing length for each parameter are subsequent tested having fun with linear otherwise quadratic regression investigation, with regards to the shape of the connection. Lastly, per maternal forest, the consequences out-of nearby-neighbor and much time-range mating was basically estimated as a result of indices out-of biparental inbreeding anxiety and you may outbreeding depression, correspondingly, considering cumulative fitness viewpoints.
Syzygium rubicundum
Fruit abortion was heavy for all trees, resulting in low fruit set (range across treatments: 2.0–9.7%; Fig. 2a). The timing of abortion was not discernable across treatments. Self-compatibility was low, but variable, across maternal trees (Fig. 2a). Flowers used for tests of apomixis (N = 360) and autogamy (N = 582) failed to set fruit. All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect and significant maternal tree effect, but no significant interaction between treatment and maternal tree (Tables 2A and 3A). For all three trees, the percentage of experimental flowers setting mature fruit showed a consistent increase with crossing distance, followed by a severe decline in fruit set with the distant between-forest treatment (Fig. 2a). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was nearly identical for the three maternal trees and significant with or without the self-pollinated treatment included in the model (quadratic regression model: arcsine square-root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; results without self-pollinated treatment: Fdos,57 = 8.25, P < 0.0007, R 2 = 0.47). Peak mean fruit set occurred at a crossing distance of 1–2 km (distant within-forest treatment) and was 1.7–4.7 times greater than mean fruit set rates for other hand-pollination treatments, averaged across maternal trees. Mean fruit set rate for the distant within-forest treatment was significantly greater than those for all treatments except distant-neighbor and open-pollinated, but consistently exceeded fruit set of open-pollinated flowers (Fig. 2a).
Shorea cordifolia
Fruit set was also low for Sh. cordifolia (range across treatments: 0–5.3%; Fig. 2b). Again, the timing of fruit abortion was not discernable among treatments. Selfed and distant between-forest treatments resulted in 0% and <1% fruit set, respectively. Fruit set from the intermediate-distance cross-pollinations varied across maternal trees, but with one exception (nearest-neighbor treatment at Tree number 1) indicated optimal fruit set at an outcrossing range of ?2 km (distant neighbor treatment; Fig. 2b). All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect, but no maternal tree effect (Tables 2B and 3B). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was significant only when the selfed treatment was excluded (quadratic regression model: arcsin square root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; Fdos,57 = 5.71, P < 0.006, R 2 = 0.41). At each maternal tree, fruit set rate for open-pollinated flowers was greater than that for all hand-cross treatments, suggesting that some aspect of the hand-pollination procedure (e.g., flower handling, bagging) caused reduced fruit set in Sh. cordifolia.